Manifestaciones neurológicas en la COVID-19
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Objetivo: Describir los sÃntomas y signos neurológicos en la infección por SARS-CoV2.
Adquisición de la evidencia: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, en inglés, español y portugués, en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACs. Se seleccionaron 114 artÃculos publicados de enero de 2020 a 2 de julio de 2020, que abordaron las manifestaciones clÃnicas y complicaciones neurológicas en la infección por el SARS-CoV2. Se utilizaron como términos de búsqueda: COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, CoV-2, en combinación con los términos: sistema nervioso, manifestaciones neurológicas, sÃntomas neurológicos, sÃntomas neuro - psiquiátricos, daño neurológico, desmielinización, complicaciones neurológicas, encefalopatÃa, enfermedad cerebrovascular, encefalitis.
Resultados: Los sÃntomas y signos neurológicos son frecuentes en pacientes con COVID-19. Las manifestaciones clÃnicas del sistema nervioso central, sistema nervioso periférico y músculo-esquelético se observan tanto en la COVID-19 en su forma no severa como en la severa. Cefalea, alteraciones del gusto y el olfato, y mialgias son referidos en las formas no severa y severa de la enfermedad. Los trastornos de la conciencia, delirio y signos piramidales son caracterÃsticos de la COVID-19 severa. Se presenta, en la fase avanzada de la enfermedad, una clÃnica compatible con afectación del nervio periférico, disautonomÃa y miopatÃas.
Conclusiones: El panorama epidemiológico actual exige que los médicos de asistencia sean conocedores del amplio espectro de sÃntomas y signos neurológicos de la COVID19 para un diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad y las complicaciones. La inclusión de la práctica neurológica en los protocolos diagnóstico - terapéuticos permite optimizar la atención a pacientes con COVID-19.
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Referencias
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